Bylines

Betsy Golden Kellem

Sheet music for "Massa's in de Cold Ground" as sung by Christy's Minstrels.
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Christy’s Minstrels Go to Great Britain

Minstrel shows were an American invention, but they also found success in the United Kingdom, where audiences were negotiating their relationships with empire.
Performers from "Black America"
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Nate Salsbury’s "Black America"

The 1895 show purported to show a genuine Southern Black community and demonstrate Black cultural progress in America, from enslavement to citizenship.
Drawing from "Little Nemo in Slumberland" by Winsor McCay
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The Cutting-Edge Cartoons of Winsor McCay

A prolific, meticulous artist, McCay created characters and storyscapes that inspired generations of cartoonists and animators.
A woman poses with a kitten next to a wooden barrel labeled "Queen of the Mist"
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American Daredevils

The nineteenth-century commitment to thrilling an audience embodied an emerging synergy of public performance, collective experience, and individual agency.
Mae West
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Mae West and Camp

A camp diva, a queer icon, and a model of feminism—the memorable Mae West left behind a complicated legacy, on and off the stage.
People outside the entrance to Luna Park on Coney Island, New York, 1890.
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Luna Park and the Amusement Park Boom

The fortunes of Coney Island have waxed and waned, but in the early twentieth century, its amusement parks became a major American export.
Children in costume looking out a window by the light of a jack o' lantern.
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Halloween: A Mystic and Eerie Significance

Despite the prevalence of tricks and spooky spirits in earlier years, the American commercial holiday didn’t develop until the middle of the twentieth century.
Pamphlet for "The Drunkard, or, The Fallen Saved" play with alcohol bottles drawn next to the title
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Temperance Melodrama on the Nineteenth-Century Stage

Produced by the master entertainer P. T. Barnum, a melodrama about the dangers of alcohol was the first show to run for a hundred performances in New York City.
Drawing of a group of young boys around a table, entitled "Mischievous Matt," from a story paper.
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Dime Novels and Story Papers for Kids

The rise of popular literature for children put a story, a role model, and a set of values in a young boy’s pocket.
Actors on stage in "One-Third of a Nation." Library of Congress.
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The Living Newspaper Speaks

Scripted from front-page news, the Federal Theatre Project’s Living Newspaper plays were part entertainment, part protest, and entirely educational.
Couples dancing at marathon
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Dance Marathons

In the early twentieth century, dance marathons were an entire industry—and a surprisingly hazardous business.
Portrait of Zalumma Agra

Circassian Beauty in the American Sideshow

Among P.T. Barnum's “human curiosities” was a supposed escapee from an Ottoman harem, marketed as both the pinnacle of white beauty and an exotic other.
Illustration of Daniel Sickles in front of the White House.

In 1859, a Murderous Congressman Pioneered the Insanity Defense

After gunning down his wife's lover in broad daylight, Daniel Sickles tried to escape the gallows by claiming he was out of his mind.