A male janitor is bent over and looking at a urinal in a public bathroom.
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A Short History of the Public Restroom

How come it's so hard to go in sweet privacy when you're out and about?
Join or Die woodcut of a chopped up rattlesnake representing un-unified colonies.
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The Serpents of Liberty

From the colonial period to the end of the US Civil War, the rattlesnake sssssssymbolized everything from evil to unity and power.
Anti-vaccination pamphlets from the early 1900s
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Vaccine Hesitancy in the 1920s

As Progressive Era reforms increased the power of government, organized opposition to vaccination campaigns took on a new life.
Drawing of boy with bottle of bitters
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The Bitter Truth About Bitters

A bottle of bitters from about 1918 had significant amounts of alcohol and lead—and not a trace of the supposed active ingredient.
Portrait of Sophia Thoreau
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Sophia Thoreau to the Rescue!

Who made sure Henry David Thoreau's works came out after his death? His sister.
An illustration featuring a man smoking a cigarette.
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When the CIA Was Everywhere—Except on Screen

Hollywood was just fine avoiding all portrayals of the Central Intelligence Agency for years after the agency's founding in 1947.
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Mary Beard and the Beginning of Women's History

She was one half of a powerhouse academic couple and an influential historian in her own right. But she's still often overlooked.
Drawing of head of lettuce
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The Lettuce Workers Strike of 1930

Uniting for better wages and working conditions, a remarkably diverse coalition of laborers faced off against agribusiness.
The cover of Exodus by Leon Uris.
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How Americans Were Taught to Understand Israel

Leon Uris's bestselling book "Exodus" portrayed the founding of the state of Israel in terms many Americans could relate to.
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Suppressing Native American Voters

South Dakota has been called "the Mississippi of the North" for its long history of making voting hard for Native Americans.
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Women's Clubs and the "Lost Cause"

Women's clubs were popular after the Civil War among white and Black women. But white clubwomen used their influence to ingrain racist curriculum in schools.
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Ye Olde Morality-Enforcement Brigades

The charivari (or shivaree) was a ritual in which people on the lower rungs of a community called out neighbors who violated social and sexual norms.
George Washington's false teeth
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Were George Washington's Teeth Taken from Enslaved People?

How the dental history of the nation’s first president is interwoven with slavery and privilege.
Engraving of the Boston Massacre by Paul Revere.
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Crispus Attucks Needs No Introduction. Or Does He?

The African American Patriot, who died in the Boston Massacre, was erased from visual history. Black abolitionists revived his memory.
Drawing of men and women of the Oneida community playing croquet.
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The Oneida Community Moves to the OC

The Oneida Community's Christian form of collectivism was transported to California in the 1880s, when the original Oneida Community fell apart.
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The Life and Times of Franz Boas

The founder of cultural anthropology, Franz Boas challenged the reigning notions of race and culture.
A drawing of a moose skeleton
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America, Where the Dogs Don't Bark and the Birds Don't Sing

The Comte de Buffon's thirty-six volume Natural History claimed that America was a land of degeneracy. That enraged Thomas Jefferson.
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The Lavender Scare

In 1950, the U.S. State Department fired 91 employees because they were homosexual or suspected of being homosexual.
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Thanksgiving Has Been Reinvented Many Times

From colonial times to the nineteenth century, Thanksgiving was very different from the holiday we know now.
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Whistleblowing: A Primer

Are whistleblowers heroes or traitors? It depends who you ask.
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When New Yorkers Burned Down a Quarantine Hospital

On September 1st, 1858, a mob stormed the New York Marine Hospital in Staten Island, and set fire to the building.
The Turtle Submarine
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The Submerged History of the Submarine

Submarines played a major role in WW I. But the first submersible was actually used, unsuccessfully, in the Revolutionary War.
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The Mob Violence of the Red Summer

In 1919, a brutal outburst of mob violence was directed against African Americans across the United States. White, uniformed servicemen led the charge.
Valentina Tereshkova in space, painted
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Valentina Tereshkova and the American Imagination

Remembering the Russian cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space, and how she challenged American stereotypes.