Empty plastic bottles to be recycled.
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Cashing In

How big business lies behind early efforts to encourage Americans to recycle.
Harry Silberstein driving a Paper-Calmenson scrap metal pick-up wagon, ca. 1900. (Jewish Historical Society of the Upper Midwest)
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Scrapping in the Streets

A discussion of the booming 19th-century trade in scrap metal.

Recoil Operation

The U.S. has long supplied the world with AR-15 rifles. But only when we see its grim effects at home do politicians call for restricting its sale.
Drawing of two clowns holding a large ring.

Dream Reading

Interpreting dreams for fun and profit. The importance of oneiromancy (dream reading) to American betting culture.
Protest of welfare reform in front of the White House, with the sign, "HEY BILL HOW MANY KIDS DID YOU IMPOVERISH TODAY?"
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Welfare and the Politics of Poverty

Bill Clinton’s 1996 welfare reform was supposed to move needy families off government handouts and onto a path out of poverty. How has it turned out?
Bank in Revere, Massachusetts.

Partisan Banking and the Emergence of Free Banking in Early 19th-Century Massachusetts

The critical role that banking played in the political struggles of early American history.
Security camera

Credit Bureaus Were the NSA of the 19th Century

They were enormous, tech-savvy, and invasive in their methods—and they enlisted Abraham Lincoln into their ranks.
Aerial view of Apple headquarters in Cupertino, California.

Why Are America’s Most Innovative Companies Still Stuck in 1950s Suburbia?

Suburban corporate campuses have isolated themselves by design from the communities their products were supposed to impact.
A postcard illustrating the Carnegie blast furnaces along the Monongahela River, Homestead, Pennsylvania, 1908-1909.

The Homestead Strike

The Digital Public Library of America brings together the riches of America’s libraries, archives, and museums, and makes them freely available to the world.
Jeff Bezos

“What We Have is Capture of the Regulators’ Minds, A Much More Sophisticated Form of Capture Than Putting Money in Their Pockets”

How every major industry and marketplace in America came to be controlled by a single, monolithic player.

Land and The Roots of African-American Poverty

Land redistribution could have served as the primary means of reparations for former slaves. Instead, it did exactly the opposite.
Child's Restaurant dining room.

How the Pioneering Childs Restaurant Chain Built an Empire Based on Food Safety and Hygiene

Victorian diners loved white tile, too.
European immigrants in line at Ellis Island.

How Immigrants Fit Into America's Economy, Now and 100 Years Ago

Compared to 19th-century arrivals, today's new arrivals are much more likely to be at the extreme ends of the earnings spectrum.
Composite photo of a child wearing a work clothes.

Composite Photographs of Child Labourers

A unique set of composite photographs by Lewis Hine depicting Southern cotton mill workers.
Drawing of man with caption "MR R.R. Bowie, President of the Mixologist Club"

A History of Black Bartenders

In the late 19th century, Black bartenders gained esteem in the North and South. But their experiences were very different — in ways that may defy assumptions.
European fur traders trading rum to Native Americans
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Liquid Poison

American Indians and the tumult in their cultures precipitated by the arrival of alcohol.
Interactive map (above) and graph (below) showing the canals of the American Mid-Atlantic and Northeast, 1820 to 1860.
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Canals 1820-1890

An interactive map of U.S. canals in the first half of the 19th century.
William Howard Taft and Mark Twain

When Tipping Was Considered Deeply Un-American

Imported from Europe, the custom of leaving gratuities began spreading in the U.S. post-Civil War. It was loathed as a master-serf custom.
Sketch on Rosie the Riveter working with a crying baby on her back.

Who Took Care of Rosie the Riveter's Kids?

Government-run childcare was crucial in enabling women’s employment during World War II, but today the program has largely been forgotten.
A group of two women and one child watches a military procession pass.

How the US Military Became a Welfare State

Long in retreat in the US, the welfare state found a haven in an unlikely place – the military, where it thrived for decades.
Demonstrators in the June 1968 Poor People's March in Washington, DC.

Why Liberals Separate Race from Class

The tendency to divorce racial disparities from economic inequality has a long liberal lineage.

Puerto Rico’s Long Fall from ‘Shining Star’ to The ‘Greece’ of The Caribbean

Puerto Rico's financial situation could make it the "next Greece."
Roof spotter looking at New York City skyline
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Route Cause

On the 1870s skirmish between John D. Rockefeller and the upstart competitors who built the country’s first long-distance oil pipeline.

A Brief History of the ATM

How automation changed retail banking.
Lyndon Johnson campaigning in Illinois in 1964, the year he declared ‘war on poverty;’ Johnson signing an autograph for an elderly woman.

The War on Poverty: Was It Lost?

Four changes are especially important when we try to measure changes in the poverty rate since 1964.
Rosie the Riveter "We Can Do It" poster.
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Women at Work: A History

Women in the workplace, from 19th century domestic workers to the Rosies of World War II to the labs of Silicon Valley.
Men stand around the site of an oil gusher.
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The Oil Battlefields

Syracuse University Geography professor Matt Huber discusses the 1930s oil boom in the American southwest, and the military might brought in to control it.
Picture of a truck stop.

Every Which Way but Regulated: The “Free Market” Trucking Industry

No longer home to the open-road outlaws and concrete cowboys of the ’70s, becoming a trucker is now the equivalent of operating a sweatshop on wheels thanks to deregulation.

The Self-Made Man

The story of America’s most pliable, pernicious, irrepressible myth.

Our Mis-Leading Indicators

How statistical data came to rule public policy.