The practice of charging road tolls is an archaic holdover blighting much of the Northeast. But Delaware has taken it to a grotesque extreme. Whereas the I-95 tolls amount to less than five cents per mile in New Jersey and four cents per mile in Maryland, in Delaware they cost an exorbitant 18 cents per mile. Which isn’t surprising because, in a deeper sense, Delaware’s tolls epitomize the state’s entire ethos. The organizing principle of the Delaware government is to subsidize its people at the rest of the country’s expense. While tolls represent the most obvious of the state’s nefarious methods, Delaware also utilizes its appallingly lax regulation of banks and corporations to enrich itself while undermining its neighbors. Indeed, Delaware’s image as small and inoffensive is not merely a misconception but a purposeful guise. It presents itself as a plucky underdog peopled by a benevolent, public-spirited, entrepreneurial citizenry. In truth, it is a rapacious parasite state with a long history of disloyalty and avarice.
Delaware’s status as the initial signatory to the Constitution—reflected in its self-declared and oft-repeated nickname, “the First State”—has bathed it in the soft glow of colonial-era patriotism. But the actual historical record is considerably less edifying. The Delaware delegation to the Constitutional Convention was spearheaded by a bombastic bully named Gunning Bedford Jr. (One delegate called him “impetuous in his temper and precipitate in his judgment.”) Bedford fiercely insisted that the national legislature be divided not on the basis of “one man, one vote” but “one state, one vote”—meaning the citizens of tiny Delaware would be massively overrepresented in Congress. In what one delegate described as “the most intemperate speech uttered in the Convention,” Bedford blustered, “I do not, gentlemen, trust you.” If the large states didn’t meet his demands, Bedford threatened, “the small ones will find some foreign ally of more honor and good faith, who will take them by the hand and do them justice.”
This initial flourish of anti-patriotic coercion established a Delaware political tradition of self-serving venality. When the nation mobilized for the War of 1812, Delaware manufacturers, led by the du Ponts, demanded that their laborers be exempt from military service. Not only would military service harm Delaware’s economy, the factory owners claimed, but it would teach the workers “habits of intemperance and slothfulness,” as University of Delaware historian Carol E. Hoffecker writes in Delaware: A Bicentennial History. (That the du Ponts thought pitched combat would turn the workers soft gives some sense of the working conditions in Delaware’s mills at that time.) Later, when British warships neared the region and the du Ponts feared damage to their holdings, they performed a quick about-face, successfully petitioning the governor to arm their employees and form militias—but only to guard their mills.