Elaine massacre

Digging deeper, offering historical context and going beyond official narratives will better serve the audience.

J. Chester Johnson on the Elaine Race Massacre of 1919.

In America’s bloody history of racial violence, the little-known Elaine Massacre may rank as the deadliest.

In the 1930s, Socialist and Communist organizers tried to help Black sharecroppers rise up against their oppressors.

The Southern Tenant Farmers Union was founded on the principle of interracial organizing.

Millions of Americans gained freedom from slavery in a slow-moving wave of emancipation during the Civil War and in the months afterward.

The most significant impact of the Senate’s super majority rules.

In the course of research about the Red Summer of 1919, a historian in Maine uncovers a disturbing event that took place on her own campus.

America in the summer of 1919 ran red with blood from racial violence, and yet today, 100 years later, not many people know it even happened.

Black people emerged from the war bloodied and scarred. Still, the war marked a turning point in their struggles for freedom.

On these pages you will meet Monroe Nathan Work, who lived from 1866- 1945. This website is a rebirth of one piece of his work.