Double V campaign

A civil rights initiative during World War II known as the Double V campaign advocated for dual victories: over fascism abroad, and racial injustice in the U.S.

The ambivalence many Black soldiers felt toward the U.S. in WWII was matched only by the ambivalence the U.S. showed toward principles on which WWII was fought.

On VE Day, we remember black Americans' Double V campaign: victory in Europe against fascism, victory at home against racism.

Today, the military is perhaps the largest integrated institution in the US. But how it came to be this way reveals a history of racism and resistance.

Historian Adam Lee Cilli effectively illustrates the centrality of Black Pittsburgh within the larger Black Freedom Struggle.

As white, southern troops raised the battle flag, they showed that they were fighting for change abroad—but the status quo at home.

Pittsburgh photographer Teenie Harris focused on the patriotism of men who fought for the country abroad while being discriminated against at home.

Black veterans were once targeted for racialized violence because of the equality with whites that their military service implied.

In the 1940s, a series of books tried to use the conventions of detective fiction to expose the degree of prejudice in postwar America.

Jackie Robinson is popularly portrayed as the man who broke baseball’s color line by quietly enduring racist abuse. But that narrative is much too narrow.

These men, who had sacrificed so much for the country, faced racist attacks in 1946 as they laid the groundwork for the civil rights movement to come.

As wartime labor shortages depleted police forces, and fear of crime grew, chiefs turned to new initiatives to strengthen and professionalize their officers.

The way Americans have long discussed racism is a huge part of the problem.

Martin Luther King Jr. proposed a fix for America’s poisoned soul: ending the Vietnam War.

The battle for the integration of Major League Baseball started long before Jackie Robinson.

Minstrel shows were once so mainstream that even presidents watched them.