African American athletes

Newly discovered league memo from 1966 anticipates controversies over the Colin Kaepernick protest.

Colin Kaepernick continues a long tradition of athletes using their celebrity to protest America's racial inequality.

The belief endures, from Armstrong’s time that visible, affluent African-American entertainers are obliged to adopt a pose of ceaseless gratitude.

Historically black colleges and universities hosted all but six ATA tournaments from 1927 to 1968.

In the 19th century – when horse racing was America’s most popular sport – former slaves populated the ranks of jockeys and trainers.

His experiences with racism and golf, from death threats in Memphis to breaking the sporting color barrier in South Africa.

Olympic track and field athlete reflects on the exclusion of African Americans from professional sports and the role his brother Jackie played in changing that.

An Olympic runner reflects on segregation and her first experiences with integrated sports events.

On inclusion of African American athletes in college sports.

On coaches' unequal treatment of African American college basketball players.

On traveling through the Jim Crow south as the sole Black athlete on a baseball team.

How being introverted and focused on work helped an athlete navigate a prejudiced sports culture.

Jackie Robinson is popularly portrayed as the man who broke baseball’s color line by quietly enduring racist abuse. But that narrative is much too narrow.

A never-before-published tranche of letters reveals the white-collar racism that prevented the world’s most popular athlete from selling Fords.

Black jockeys dominated 19th-century American horse racing, but racism chased them away and undoing that damage has been slow going.

Despite captivating the nation with their athleticism every March, collegiate basktball players remain an exploited labor force for the profit of the NCAA.

The Globetrotters have always been far more than just a comic exhibition team, just as sports have always meant much more than escapism.

Ideas dating back to slavery have minimized opportunities for Black quarterbacks in the NFL.

Decades after the segregation battles of his youth, Jerry Jones has modernized the NFL’s revenue model but hasn’t hired a Black head coach.

The film takes many liberties with the history of “the first motion picture,” but it illustrates how Black contributions are often marginalized.