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Nicholas Said, an African American Muslim in his Union Army uniform.

Fighting for Freedom: The Little-Known Story of Muslims and the Civil War

The stories of two Muslim immigrants who fought for the Union show that the American Civil War was an international fight.
A painting of a Civil War battle.

New Estimates of US Civil War Mortality from Full-Census Records

The Civil War was the deadliest conflict in US history. However, incomplete records have made it difficult to estimate the exact death toll.
The 54th Massachusetts regiment storming Fort Wagner.

Did Robert Gould Shaw Have to Volunteer the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts to Prove Their Bravery?

Questions linger about the assault on Fort Wagner, which took place on this day in 1863.
Old picture of Union soldiers holding a pot of coffee.

How Coffee Helped the Union Caffeinate Their Way to Victory in the Civil War

The North’s fruitful partnership with Liberian farmers fueled a steady supply of an essential beverage.
Exhibit

Civil War Memory

Historical understandings and myths about the Civil War's causes, meanings, and legacies still shape American culture and national discourse about the country's future.

Cover of "American Civil Wars" by Alan Taylor.

Our Civil War Was Bigger Than You Think

Alan Taylor’s case for thinking of it as a continental conflict.
Liberty holding an American flag with "For the Union" written on it.

Capturing the Civil War

The images, diaries, and ephemera in Grand Valley State University’s Civil War and Slavery Collection reveal the cold realities of Abraham Lincoln’s world.

An Unholy Traffic: How the Slave Trade Continued Through the US Civil War

In a new book, Robert KD Colby of the University of Mississippi shows how the Confederacy remained committed to slavery.
People celebrating the construction of the transcontinental railroad.

Lincoln’s Imagined West

In Lincoln’s view the West represented a space for opportunity, especially for the citizen-soldiers returning to their prewar pursuits.
Political cartoon of the Lincoln Administration, reading "Running the 'Machine'", 1864.

Blues, Grays & Greenbacks

How Lincoln's administration financed the Civil War and transformed the nation's decentralized economy into the global juggernaut of the postwar centuries.

The Valley of the Shadow: Two Communities in the American Civil War

Explore the lives of people swept up in the great dramas of slavery, war, and emancipation in this updated version of the pioneering digital history project.
Civil War veterans in the Grand Army of the Republic, Cazenovia, New York, circa 1900.

The American Civil War and the Case for a “Long” Age of Revolution

The Age of Revolution, known mainly as the period between the American Revolution and the Revolutions of 1848, continued all the way to 1865.
President Biden visits Section 60 of Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia on April 14.
partner

The History Shaping Memorial Services For Fallen Service Members

The way we commemorate those who have made the ultimate sacrifice dates to the Civil War.
Photo of Union commanders.

The Anti-Lee

George Henry Thomas, southerner in blue.
Laundresses with Union soldiers, circa 1863.

On Juneteenth, Three Stirring Stories of How Enslaved People Gained Their Freedom

Millions of Americans gained freedom from slavery in a slow-moving wave of emancipation during the Civil War and in the months afterward.
Book cover of the Three Cornered War, featuring a southwestern desert landscape.

A Different Civil War in the Southwest

A riveting new book shows how the Civil War in the West was both strategically important and lacking in the moral contours of the broader war.

Richmond Rising

African Americans and the mobilization of the Confederate capital.

BookChat with David Silkenat, Author of Raising the White Flag

The Civil War started with a surrender, ended with a series of surrenders, and had several of its major campaigns end in surrender.
The armored gunboat USS Cairo with its crew standing on deck, 1862.

Union Gunboats Didn't Just Attack Rebel Military Sites – They Went After Civilian Property, too

A new look at detailed data about Civil War skirmishes along the Mississippi River reveals another key to the Union's victory.

The Class Politics of the Civil War

By naming a common enemy the Union Army was able to build and then steer a coalition of Americans toward the systematic destruction of slavery.

Surrender in the American Civil War

During the Civil War, surrendering was an honorable way of accepting defeat — under the right circumstances.

Prophets of War

Telegraph operators were the first to know news of the Civil War.

What the Name "Civil War" Tells Us-- and Why it Matters

Today’s battles over Confederate iconography emerge, in part, out of the failure to address the centrality of slavery to the war.
Archaeologist excavating a bone.

Civil War Battlefield 'Limb Pit' Reveals Work Of Combat Surgeons

Bones uncovered at the Manassas National Battlefield Park provide insights into surgery during the Civil War.

'What Soldiers Are for': Jersey Boys Wait for War

Essays published in a high school paper reflect the boys' efforts to prepare themselves for fighting in the Civil War.
Charles Dickens writing at his table, 1858.

Charles Dickens, America, & The Civil War

What might Charles Dickens have thought about the American Civil War and the American struggle for abolition and social reforms?

Why the Civil War West Mattered – and Still Does

The West cared very much about the Civil War.

The Myth of the Kindly General Lee

The legend of the Confederate leader’s heroism and decency is based in the fiction of a person who never existed.

Thanks a Lot, Ken Burns

Because of you, my Civil War lecture is always packed with students raised on your romantic, deeply misleading portrait of the conflict.
A woman waving to a man who is joining passing soldiers. From the sheet music for "The Soldier's Farewell to His Bride," 1864.
partner

The Woman’s War

Gender dynamics on the home front, and the ways in which the Civil War is distinct from other American conflicts.
A painting of the physician Iapyx removing an arrowhead from the hero Aeneas.

Two Generals Contest the Definition of Cruelty

Hood and Sherman exchange epistolary fire in 1864.

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