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Are You a Seg Academy Alum, Too? Let’s Talk.

Reflecting on the impact of an education in an institution deliberately set up to defy court-ordered desegregation.

When Joe Biden Collaborated With Segregationists

The candidate’s years as an anti-busing crusader cannot be forgotten—or readily forgiven.

For Some, School Integration Was More Tragedy Than Fairy Tale

Almost 60 years later, a mother regrets her decision to send her 6-year-old into a hate-filled environment.

Charleston-Area Residents Remember the First Time They Ate in White-Owned Restaurants

Their experiences help explain why segregated spaces persist in Charleston's restaurants today.

The Utter Inadequacy of America’s Efforts to Desegregate Schools

In 1966, a group of Boston-area parents and administrators created a busing program called METCO to help desegregate schools.
Black and white girls in a classroom.

The Secret Network of Black Teachers Behind the Fight for Desegregation

African American educators became the ‘hidden provocateurs’ who spearheaded the push for racial justice in education.

A Cool Dip & A Little Dignity

In 1961, two African-American men decided to go swimming at a whites-only Nashville pool. In response, the city closed all its public pools — for three years.
Millicent Brown, age 15, speaks with classmates in September 1963.

The Forgotten Girls Who Led the School-Desegregation Movement

Before Linda Brown became the lead plaintiff in Brown v. Board of Education, a generation of black girls and teens led the charge against “separate but equal.”

How Mini-Golf Played a Big Role in Desegregating Public Rec Spaces

In the summer of 1941, a group of black men came to play golf at the whites-only East Potomac Park.

For Democracy, At Home and Abroad

On VE Day, we remember black Americans' Double V campaign: victory in Europe against fascism, victory at home against racism.
A horse-drawn streetcar on Canal Street in New Orleans (ca.1860s).

The New Orleans Streetcar Protests of 1867

The lesser-known beginning of the desegregation of public transportation.

The Party of Hubert Humphrey

The Democratic leader believed that the ordinary American was open to a message of collective responsibility and common purpose.
A Black man speaks as other protesters stand around him.

Martin Luther King Jr. and Milwaukee: 200 Nights and a Tragedy

King's visits to Milwaukee highlighted the extent to which the civil rights struggle was a national one.
Linda Brown Smith stands in front of the Sumner School in Topeka, Kansas on May 8, 1964.

Why Take Student Protests Seriously? Look at Linda Brown

Her death is a useful reminder that students have often served on the political front lines.

The Data Proves That School Segregation Is Getting Worse

This is ultimately a disagreement over how we talk about school segregation.

Medicare and the Desegregation of Health Care

Separate hospitals for black and white patients were the norm in America, but then all of that changed — and it changed quickly.

Remember the Orangeburg Massacre

The February 1968 killing of three student protesters in Orangeburg, SC marked a turning point in the black freedom struggle.
LBJ signing the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

What Everyone Gets Wrong About LBJ’s Great Society

It wasn't some radical left-wing pipedream. It was moderate; and it worked.

The New York Times and the Movement for Integrated Education in New York City

When covering the struggle against school segregation in its own backyard, the paper of record came up short.
A man being arrested by an LAPD officer outside of a Mexican restaurant.

The Year 1960

City developers, RAND Corps dropouts, Latino activists—and Lena Horne, taking direct action against racism in Beverley Hills.

How A Psychologist’s Work on Race Identity Helped Overturn School Segregation

Mamie Phipps Clark came up with the oft-cited “doll test” and provided expert testimony in Brown v. Board of Education.
Reagan signing the bill establishing Martin Luther King Day.

The Sanitizing of Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks

On the uses and abuses of civil rights heroes.
Middle school building.

The Invention of Middle School

In the 1960s, there was no grand vision behind the idea of a middle school. The problem that the model sought to solve was segregation.

How About Erecting Monuments to the Heroes of Reconstruction?

Americans should build this pivotal post–Civil War era into the new politics of historical memory.

When Privatization Means Segregation: Setting the Record Straight on School Vouchers

The ugly roots of the "school choice" movement.
A Black man speaks as other protesters stand around him.

White Milwaukee Lied to Itself for Decades, and in 1967 the Truth Came Out

When the Long Hot Summer came to Wisconsin, the reality of race relations was impossible to ignore.

Trump's Argument Against Transgender Soldiers Was Used Against Gays, Women, and Blacks

A brief review of history.

Remembering the 'Overshadowed' Civil Rights Protest That Desegregated Gulf Coast Beaches

A project commemorating an often-overlooked civil-rights milestone recently received the Knight Cities Challenge prize.

The Word Is ‘Nemesis’: The Fight to Integrate the National Spelling Bee

For talented black spellers in the 1960s, the segregated local spelling bee was the beginning of the long road to Washington, D.C.

America’s Most Political Food

The founder of a popular South Carolina barbecue restaurant was a white supremacist.

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