indentured servitude

The first South Asians in British North America.

The first Africans who came to America in 1619 were not ‘enslaved’, they were indentured – and this is a crucial difference.

It’s a history lesson worth remembering: The exploitation of immigrant workers only encourages more—and worse—abuse.

The myth of Irish slavery has found fertile ground in Internet memes as a way to derail conversation about the need for affirmative action today.

Even throwing off of a colonial power, representative institutions, Protestantism, and local autonomy in school decisions did not produce an egalitarian system.

Historian Barbara J. Fields explains why you can't understand what happened in 1619 without understanding what happened in 1607.

Instead of caring for Black children, child welfare systems subject them to abuse and harsh conditions.

A history of the United States shifting the financial burden of emancipation onto enslaved people.

The little-known story of the laborers who became pawns in a Floridian struggle during the American Revolution.

An Illinois high school teacher explains how his state complicates the binary of “free states” and “slave states.”

In 1619, wealthy investors overthrew the charter that guaranteed land for everyone.

Certain pundits are misrepresenting the biography of the "first black slaveholder."

The violent catastrophe of the Virginia colonists is the best founding parable of American history.

"It’s going to change how we think about Texas history and how we think about ourselves and how we built this state."

The Irish were slaves too; slaves had it better than factory workvers; black people fought for the Confederacy; and so on.

A new history argues that illiberalism is not a backlash but a central feature from the founding to today.

Swarns’s book about a sale of enslaved people by Jesuit priests to save Georgetown University reminds us that the legacy of slavery is the legacy of resistance.

A review of three new studies about how race and class intersect.

The 1619 Project claimed to reveal the unknown history of slavery. It ended up helping to distort the real history of slavery and the struggle against it.

The history of guest worker programs should give pause to supporters of the Farm Workforce Modernization Act.