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Painting of Daniel Boone escorting settlers through the Cumberland Gap by George Caleb Bingham. (Washington University, St. Louis)

The Articles of Confederation and Western Expansion

In settling a rivalry between Maryland and Virginia and preventing individual states from getting into bed with France and Spain, maybe the Articles weren't a failure after all.
Illustration of a man with a shovel working a farm; the background shows scenes of family and communal life

Deep States

The old Midwest was a place animated by the belief that a self-governing republic is the best regime for man.
Map of Iowa and a drawing of a factory processing corn.

Searching for the Spirit of the Midwest

Was the nineteenth-century Midwest “the most advanced democratic society that the world had seen”?
Painting of the Ohio River, ca. 1840.

A Confusion of Language

On the legal foundations that spurred centuries of civil rights movements.

What Tecumseh Fought For

Pursuing a Native alliance powerful enough to resist the American invaders, the Shawnee leader and his prophet brother envisioned a new and better Indian world.
Political cartoon of Uncle Sam as a teacher of children representing different ethnicities. European immigrants read studiously, new Caribbean and Pacific colonies resist, and Chinese, American Indian and African American children want to learn but are excluded.

The Long Shadow of White Supremacy in U.S. Foreign Policy

How to hide an empire, from the Spanish-American war to CIA-sponsored Latin American coups.

Land of the Free

The story of America is precisely the heroic story of pioneers who bring the American ideal again and again to the West.
The Puerto Rican flag outside the Governor's residence in San Juan.
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The Catch-22 of Puerto Rico's Status Referendum

When Puerto Ricans go to the polls, they can express their choice for several status options for the island.
Painting of Reverend Lemuel Haynes preaching

The Revolution Within the American Revolution

Supported and largely led by slaveholders, the American Revolution was also, paradoxically, a profound antislavery event.
Aerial view of Pennsylvania's Eastern State Penitentiary, 19th century.

Untangling the 19th Century Roots of Mass Incarceration

Popular accounts often trace the origins of forced penal labor to the post-Civil War South. But a vast system of forced penal labor existed in the antebellum North.
President Biden in a warehouse
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Government Has Always Picked Winners and Losers

A welfare state doesn't distort the market; it just makes government aid fairer.

The Dark History of School Choice

How an argument for segregated schools became a rallying cry for privatizing public education.
Colored Conventions Project exhibit banner with images of formerly enslaved peoples over map of Illinois.

Black Organizing in Pre-Civil War Illinois: Creating Community, Demanding Justice

Their main objective was to draw attention to racist state policies and demand their repeal.
Drawing of headshots of Dred Scott and Harriet Robinson

"Where Two Waters Come Together"

The confluence of Black and Indigenous history at Bdote.
Photograph of a teacher standing in an historic cemetery.

Slavery Existed in Illinois, but Schools Don’t Always Teach That History

An Illinois high school teacher explains how his state complicates the binary of “free states” and “slave states.”

‘A Doubtful Freedom’

Andrew Delbanco's new book positions the debate over fugitive slaves as a central factor in the nation's slide toward disunion.

No Man’s Land

In ignoring the messy realities of westward expansion, McCullough’s "The Pioneers" is both incomplete and dull.
An integrated classroom in Anacostia High School, Washington, D.C. in 1957.

Common Core Is a Menace to Pluralism and Democracy

But can locally empowered communities really fix our schools' problems?

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