Person

Jonathan Daniel Wells

Bylines

The So-Called 'Kidnapping Club' Featured Cops Selling Free Black New Yorkers Into Slavery

Outright racism met financial opportunity when men like Isiah Rynders accrued wealth through legal, but nefarious, means.

by Jonathan Daniel Wells via Smithsonian on October 14, 2020
The Black New Yorker Who Led the Charge Against Police Violence in the 1830s

David Ruggles' fight against the "kidnapping club" in the 1830s shows that police violence has been part of America's DNA from its earliest days.

by Jonathan Daniel Wells via TIME on June 17, 2020

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