Person

P. T. Barnum

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Beluga whales.

How P.T. Barnum Brought Beluga Whales to New York City

On museum ethics and animal welfare in 19th century America.
Jumbo, a famous elephant that belonged to showman P.T. Barnum, at the London Zoo.
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How Jumbo the Elephant Paved the Way For Jumbo Mortgages

The 11-foot-tall elephant reshaped our language, which has proved surprisingly apt.
Portrait of Zalumma Agra.

Circassian Beauty in the American Sideshow

Among P. T. Barnum's “human curiosities” was a supposed escapee from an Ottoman harem, marketed as both the pinnacle of white beauty and an exotic other.

What P.T. Barnum Understood About America

Barnum called himself the “Prince of Humbugs,” which left open the possibility that one day there would arise a king.

The Spectacular P. T. Barnum

The great showman taught us to love hyperbole, fake news, and a good hoax. A century and a half later, the show has escaped the tent.
19th century illustration of P. T. Barnum's white elephant Toung Taloung

Race and the White Elephant War of 1884

A bizarre episode in circus history became an unlikely forum for discussing 19th-century theories of race.

The Circus Spectacular That Spawned American Giantism

How the “Greatest Show on Earth” enthralled small-town crowds and inspired shopping malls
A close up black and white image of a clown face showing a sinister smile.

The Creepy Clown Emerged from the Crass and Bawdy Circuses of the 19th Century

Today’s creepy clowns are not a divergence from tradition, but a return to it.
Pamphlet for "The Drunkard, or, The Fallen Saved" play with alcohol bottles drawn next to the title

Temperance Melodrama on the Nineteenth-Century Stage

Produced by the master entertainer P. T. Barnum, a melodrama about the dangers of alcohol was the first show to run for a hundred performances in New York City.
Poster for Barnum and Bailey circus.

The American Circus in All Its Glory

A new documentary tells the history of the big top.

What Do We Do With Our Dead?

Our mortuary conventions reveal a lot about our relation to the past.
Painting of horsemen in the Caucus mountains.

The Reckless Creation of Whiteness

How an erroneous 18th-century story about the “Caucasian race” led to a centuries of prejudice and misapprehension.
Drawing of a competetitve pedestrian walking in the late 1800s with spectators watching.

America’s Earliest Sports Stars Were … Professional Walkers?

Walking needs no publicist. The simplest, most accessible form of exercise has been around since humans first foraged and traveled on the ground.
Man burning a picture of Abraham Lincoln.

City on Fire

The night violent anti-government conspirators sowed chaos in the heart of Manhattan.
Chickens.

Our Pets, Our Plates

In defense of the furred and the hoofed.
An advertisement from P.T. Barnum’s American Museum promoting a show called "Wild African Savages."

How U.S. Institutions Took an African Teen’s Life, Then Lost His Remains

Sturmann Yanghis, a 17-year-old South African, was put on stage in America as a “wild savage.” Harvard claimed his remains when he died. Then they disappeared.
Politician depicted as vampire bat.

"The Comic Natural History of the Human Race" (1851)

These caricatures of well-known Philadelphians transpose human heads onto animal forms.
Will Smith as the Fresh Prince of Bel-Air.

Tracing the Evolution of Celebrity Memoirs, from Charles Lindbergh to Will Smith

Creating a personal myth allows celebrities to create just that—a myth.
Lithograph of the 1870 Great Mississippi Steamboat Race.

When Deadly Steamboat Races Enthralled America

Already prone to boiler explosions that regularly killed scores of passengers, steamboats were pushed to their limits in races that valued speed over safety.
T. rex jaws, lower left, 1909–30. Photographer unknown. Image No. 17533, AMNH Library.

He Was an All-Time Genius at Finding Tyrannosaurus Rexes. His Story Will Break Your Heart.

Why Barnum Brown could not stop collecting.