Red Summer

The war marked a sea change in how black men viewed their own citizenship.

A new book on Claude McKay is part of an effort to place the poetry of the Harlem Renaissance within the Black radical tradition.

In the course of research about the Red Summer of 1919, a historian in Maine uncovers a disturbing event that took place on her own campus.

A visit with artists and public historians in Chicago who are working to keep the memory of the city's "Red Summer" alive.

America in the summer of 1919 ran red with blood from racial violence, and yet today, 100 years later, not many people know it even happened.

How a black teen’s drifting raft triggered a deadly week of riots 100 years ago in Chicago.

Rumors ran wild as white mobs assaulted black residents who in turn fought back, refusing to be intimidated.

A front-page article helped incite the violence in the nation’s capital that left as many as 39 dead.

The Red Summer represented one of the darkest and bloodiest moments in American history.

In 1919, a brutal outburst of mob violence was directed against African Americans across the United States. White, uniformed servicemen led the charge.

A century after the tragedies that shaped the nation's race relations.

A comprehensive digital archive, map, and timeline of riots and lynchings across the U.S. in 1919.

The NAACP investigates a race riot.

Why are Chicago’s race riots of 1919 overlooked in the city’s collective memory? A new project tells the stories of the 38 killed, and the legacy of racism in the U.S.

W.E.B. DuBois, 100 years ago.

How government commissions became alibis for inaction.

In America’s bloody history of racial violence, the little-known Elaine Massacre may rank as the deadliest.

The assault rifle has enabled racists to act alone.

Why it matters what language we use to describe what happened in 1919.

When modern conservatives associate activists of color with communism, they’re drawing on a racist history that goes back over 100 years.