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Since Emancipation, the United States Has Refused to Make Reparations for Slavery

But in 1862, the federal government doled out the 2020 equivalent of $23 million—not to the formerly enslaved but to their white enslavers.

The Epidemics America Got Wrong

Government inaction or delay have shaped the course of many infectious disease outbreaks in our country.
Wanto Co. grocery store with a sign that reads "I Am An American"

Discovering Judith Shklar’s Skeptical Liberalism of Fear

Judith Shklar fled Nazis and Stalinism before discovering in African-American history the dilemma of modern liberalism.
Chart of names of and payments to enslaved people.

Confederate Slave Payrolls Shed Light on Lives of 19th-Century African American Families

The Confederate Army required owners to loan their slaves to the military. The National Archives has now digitized those records.
Exhibit

Civil War Memory

Historical understandings and myths about the Civil War's causes, meanings, and legacies still shape American culture and national discourse about the country's future.

Lincoln’s Forgotten Legacy as America’s First ‘Green President’

Lincoln protected thousands of acres of California forest and wanted to restore the nation’s battle-ravaged countryside before he was assassinated.
Watercolor of Abraham Lincoln with soldiers in swirls of red across his face.

Abraham Lincoln’s Radical Moderation

What the president understood that the zealous Republican reformers in Congress didn’t.

1619 and All That

The Editor of the American Historical Review weighs in on recent historiographical debates around the New York Times' 1619 Project.
Picture of DeFord Bailey holding a harmonica amplified by a gourd.

The Unsung Black Musician Who Changed Country Music

From the moment DeFord Bailey stepped onto a stage in Nashville, country music would never be the same. Decades after his death he finally got his due.

Eric Foner’s Story of American Freedom

Eric Foner has helped us better understand the ambiguous consequences of what were almost always only partial victories.
Fort Benning under construction.

Why is the Army Still Honoring Confederate Generals?

Confederate Statues aren't the only reminder of the Civil War - the US Army still has major bases named for Confederate soldiers.

Telling the Untold History

When Civil War reenacting began, it was largely the province of folks who wished to uphold the Old South myth. Now, a more diverse group of reenactors is pushing back.

Writing the History of Capitalism with Class

The "new history of capitalism" cuts class politics at the expense of history.

In 1870, Henrietta Wood Sued for Reparations—and Won

The $2,500 verdict, the largest ever of its kind, offers evidence of the generational impact such awards can have.

Conservatives Say We've Abandoned Reason and Civility. The Old South Said That, Too

The ‘reasonable’ right’s persecution rhetoric echoes the Confederacy’s defense of slavery.
Illustration of Jo and Beth from the 1869 edition of "Little Women."

On Reading Little Women and Wanting to Be Like Jo March

Looking to Louisa May Alcott's heroine for inspiration.

The Contradictions of Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.

The Supreme Court justice may have been heralded by many of his progressive peers, but the legacy he left behind is far more ambiguous.
Sketches of soldiers on the cover of "Bodies In Blue."

Civil War Disability in the Light and the Dark

Beyond the "casualty numbers and bloodshed," a new history takes into account the "social and structural issues" of disability among soldiers and veterans.

A Crime by Any Name

The Trump administration’s commitment to deterring immigration through cruelty has made horrifying conditions in there inevitable.
Unidentified African American soldier in Union uniform with wife and two daughters.

Race in Black and White

Slavery and the Civil War were central to the development of photography as both a technology and an art.

Rhiannon Giddens and What Folk Music Means

The roots musician is inspired by the evolving legacy of the black string band.

Brazil’s Long, Strange Love Affair with the Confederacy Ignites Racial Tension

In Brazil, some descendants of defeated Confederate immigrants still believe the war for secession was a noble cause.

The Forgotten History of How Abraham Lincoln Helped Rig the Senate for Republicans

The Great Emancipator has a lesson for today's Democrats about how to play constitutional hardball.

White Southerners' Wealth After the Civil War

What Southern dynasties’ post-Civil War resurgence tells us about how wealth is really handed down.
Lithograph of the Reconstruction-era Black Senators and Congressmen.

How the South Won the Civil War

During Reconstruction, true citizenship finally seemed in reach for black Americans. Then their dreams were dismantled.

The Irish-American Social Club Whose Exploits Sparked a New Understanding of Citizenship

In 1867, the Fenian Brotherhood was caught running guns to Ireland, precipitating a diplomatic crisis.
An NPS interpreter points to a map of Chancellorsville.

Freeman Tilden's "Interpreting Our Heritage" and the Civil War Centennial

How one book shaped the way the NPS interpreted the Civil War.

The Mistress's Tools

White women and the economy of slavery.
partner

The “Miscegenation” Troll

The term “miscegenation” was coined in an 1864 pamphlet by an anonymous author. It turned out to be an anti-abolition hoax.

The Alamo Is a Rupture

It’s time to reckon with the true history of the mythologized Texas landmark—and the racism and imperialism it represents.

America’s Most Famous Family Feuds

Many of America’s most notorious feuds have their roots in the Civil War.

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