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The Ugly History of the Pledge of Allegiance — and Why it Matters

Requiring displays of patriotism have often been tied to nativism and bigotry.

The Right Type of Citizenship

Citizens pledge their allegiance to a nation that reciprocates with a pledge of allegiance to them. What does that look like?

Puerto Rico Syllabus

Essential tools for critical thinking about the Puerto Rican debt crisis.

How a Court Answered a Forgotten Question of Slavery’s Legacy

As Americans debated how the Civil War period is publicly commemorated, a battle over a related question was finally put to rest.
Exhibit

“All Persons Born or Naturalized in the United States...”

A collection of resources exploring the evolving meanings of American citizenship and how they have been applied -- or denied -- to different groups of Americans.

When the Idea of Home Was Key to American Identity

From log cabins to Gilded Age mansions, how you lived determined where you belonged.
Political cartoon depicting American colonies celebrating July 4th.

American Consumer Empire in Puerto Rico

Puerto Ricans were forced to become “Porto Ricans” – adopting Anglo customs while subsidizing American profits.
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The 14th Amendment Solved One Citizenship Crisis, But It Created A New One

How birthright citizenship became a barrier for undocumented immigrants.
Elizabeth Freeman.
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How Two Massachusetts Slaves Won Their Freedom — And Then Abolished Slavery

What today's activists can learn from their victories.
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A Bullet Can Cross the Border. Can the Constitution? The Supreme Court Won’t Say.

The Supreme Court punts on Hernandez v. Mesa, leaving the Constitution lost in the borderlands.

When Immigrants Are No Longer Considered Americans

The history of immigrants in the U.S. teaches that no amount of assimilation will protect you when an alien requires conjuring.
Hiram Revels.

Birthright Citizenship and Reconstruction’s Unfinished Revolution

The idea that birth on U.S. soil confers citizenship has remained both foundational and contested.
Agronomist George Tynes, flanked by Soviet army cadets
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Brave New World

In the 1930s, 16 African-American families from the South rejected the American experiment and looked to Communist Uzbekistan for a chance to build a new world.

The Old West’s Muslim Tamale King

How a South Asian immigrant became a Wyoming fast-food legend and received American citizenship - twice.

The Last Colony

A brief history of Puerto Rico's status and relationship to the United States.

Race and the American Creed

Recovering black radicalism.

Donald Trump Meet Wong Kim Ark

He was the Chinese-American cook who became the father of ‘birthright citizenship.’

“Sacred Ties Existing Between Parent and Child”: Citizenship, Family, and Immigrant Parents

Inclusion and humanitarianism used to be part of the immigration policy of the United States.

Why Americans Love To Declare Independence

The 1776 Declaration was only the first. What we learn from the long history of splinter constitutions, manifestos, and secessions that followed.

A Topic Best Avoided

After the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln faced the issue of sorting out a nation divided over the issue of freed slaves. But what were his views on it?

Great Migration Debates: Keywords in Historical Perspective

The use of the word "immigrant" in contemporary debates often reflects a lack of understanding of U.S. immigration history.
Caricature drawing of Charles Black

Pursuing the Pursuit of Happiness

Traditional Supreme Court precedent may depend too much on substantive due process to safeguard human rights.

Trans-National America

In 1916, Randolph Bourne challenged widespread nativism by calling for a reconsideration of the “melting-pot” theory.
American Progress by John Gast, 1872, oil on canvas.

Who’s Afraid of “Settler Colonialism”?

If we dismiss concepts because of particular examples of misuse, we encourage the repression of discomforting histories and ideas.
Yitzhak Rabin and Yassir Arafat shaking hands while Bill Clinton holds his arms around them at the Oslo Accords.

How the Oslo Accords Fragmented Palestine and Uprooted a People

Revisiting a turning point in the history of Israel’s occupation.
Three students standing in front of an exhibit titled "Problems of Democracy."
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A Republic, if They Can Force It

In public schools around the country, conservatives are succeeding in their long effort to replace the word “democracy” with “constitutional republic.”
Poster of the first issue stamp celebrating the Mendez v. Westminster School District case.
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Mendez v. Westminster and Mexican American Desegregation

International relations and foreign influence helped end legal segregation of Mexican American students in California after World War II.
The book "A Forgotten Migration," and author Crystal R. Sanders

A Forgotten Migration: An Interview with Crystal R. Sanders

A new book examines the long history of racial inequality in higher education through the post-baccalaureate experiences of Jim Crow era African Americans.

A Supreme Court Justice Wrote the Greatest “No Kings” Essay in History

This opinion is a milestone in the rule of law and is regularly cited by conservative and liberal justices alike.
Wanto Company storefront with a sign that reads "I am an American."

Alien Enemies

The torturers have been revising, the gestapos have been busy, and the prisons have been full for generations.
Five men sharing a meal in Qing dynasty China.

Splitting Hairs

Chinese immigrants, the queue, and the boundaries of political citizenship.

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