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Elizabeth Freeman.
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How Two Massachusetts Slaves Won Their Freedom — And Then Abolished Slavery

What today's activists can learn from their victories.

The Making of an Antislavery President

Fred Kaplan's new book asks why it took Abraham Lincoln so long to embrace emancipation.

The Necessity of Juneteenth

The most famous Emancipation holiday is more necessary now than it has ever been.

Frederick Douglass, Refugee

Throughout modern history, the millions forced to flee as refugees have felt Douglass' agony, and thought his thoughts.
Emancipation Day in South Carolina
Exhibit

Emancipation

The long history of emancipation in the United States, from individual escapes and manumissions, through Civil War fighting and Reconstruction legislation, to Juneteenth commemorations.

Image of enslaved man in chains, with the words "Remember Your Weekly Pledge"

Who Freed the Slaves?

For some time now, the answer has not been the abolitionists.
An "Information Wanted" advertisement from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Courtesy of the National Archives.

Last Seen: Finding Family After Slavery

Last Seen is recovering stories of families separated in the domestic slave trade. The following explains how the project engages with these family histories.

Is the Greatest Collection of Slave Narratives Tainted by Racism?

How Depression-Era racial dynamics may have shaped our understanding of antebellum enslaved life.

Slavery and Freedom

Eric Foner, Walter Johnson, Thavolia Glymph, and Annette Gordon-Reed discuss trends in the study of slavery and emancipation.
Lithograph of Freedman's Bureau official separating freedmen from hostile whites.

The Freedmen's Bureau

A primary source set and teaching guide created by educators.
W.E.B. Du Bois

Struggle and Progress

On the abolitionists, Reconstruction, and winning “freedom” from the Right.

Juneteenth and Barbecue

The menu of Emancipation Day.

Our Commemoration of the Civil War’s End Celebrates a Myth

The emancipation of black Americans has been written out of our celebration of the Civil War's end.

Mapping Occupation: Force, Freedom, and the Army in Reconstruction

A detailed look at when and where the U.S. Army was able to enforce the new rule of law in the years following the Civil War.

How Watermelons Became a Racist Trope

Before its subversion in the Jim Crow era, the fruit symbolized black self-sufficiency.

The Problem of Slavery

David Brion Davis’s philosophical history.

Lincoln and Marx

The transatlantic convergence of two revolutionaries.
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How Suffering Shaped Emancipation

Jim Downs discusses the plight of freed slaves during the Civil War and Reconstruction.
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Who Invented Memorial Day?

As Americans enjoy the holiday weekend, does anyone know how Memorial Day originated?

A Topic Best Avoided

After the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln faced the issue of sorting out a nation divided over the issue of freed slaves. But what were his views on it?
Confederate soldier with wife and baby.
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Fighting for Home

How the idea of “home” motivated Confederate soldiers, and strengthened their resolve to fight.
Painting representing the Great Migration: African Americans going through gates to Chicago, New York, and St. Louis.

The Changing Definition of African-American

How the great influx of people from Africa and the Caribbean since 1965 is challenging what it means to be African-American.
Political cartoon of Freedman's Bureau agent separating angry whites from defensive freedmen.

The Freedmen's Bureau

“No sooner had Northern armies touched Southern soil than this old question, newly guised, sprang from the earth: What shall be done with slaves?”
William Goodell in a suit.

William Goodell and the Science of Human Rights

William Goodell was praised by Frederick Douglass for being among the most important opponents of slavery in his time.
American and French soldiers at the siege of Yorktown, by Jean-Baptiste-Antoine DeVerger, 1781.

Patriot Acts

What Ken Burns gets wrong about the war that made America.
In a cotton field at night, a Black man scouts with a lantern, while a black woman passes a book to two fleeing men.

The Black People Who Fled Slavery Had a Lot to Teach Their Northern Allies

Black-led vigilance committees not only protected and aided fugitives but also learned from the formerly enslaved as they built a movement pedagogy together.
When the U.S. Navy was half the age it is now: an artist’s depiction of American warships bombarding San Juan, Puerto Rico on May 12, 1898 during the Spanish-American War. (Photo by: Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

The Birth Pangs of the U.S. Navy

It was founded 250 years ago today—and, oddly, was promptly ordered to attack what is today its biggest base.
A collage featuring Kwame Nkrumah, Martin Luther King Jr., and Africa.

What Pan-Africanism Can Teach Us Now

A biography of Ghanaian leader Kwame Nkrumah casts the post-WWII era as a Black liberation epic rather than a psychodrama between Moscow and Washington.
Ruins of Mrs. Henry’s House, Battlefield of Bull Run.
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Reactionary Revolutionaries

In the mid-19th century, governments on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border set out to recast North America’s political landscape.
Enslaved women and children in a cotton field

Actually, Slavery Was Very Bad

The president’s latest criticism of museums is a thinly veiled attempt to erase Black history.
Illustration of John Dickinson with flowers in the barrel of his musket.

The Prudent Patriot

There’s a lot more to Founding Father John Dickinson than not signing the Declaration of Independence.

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