Black and white photograph of suffragists standing in front of a car with a banner reading: we demand an amendment to the United States constitution enfranchising women.

The Jewel City: Suffrage at the 1915 San Francisco Panama-Pacific International Exposition

Suffragists coalesced in San Francisco to push for nationwide women' suffrage and send a petition to Congress for the vote.
Black and white photo of Bessie Beatty
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Woman on a Mission

For pioneering journalist Bessie Beatty, women’s suffrage and the plight of labor were linked inextricably.
Black and white photo of Inez Milholland leading the National American Woman Suffrage Association parade on a white horse, Washington, D.C

What We Want Is to Start a Revolution

Formed in 1912 for “women who did things—and did them openly,” the Heterodoxy Club laid the groundwork for a century of American feminism.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony with backdrop of abortion protest posters

What Did the Suffragists Really Think About Abortion?

Contrary to contemporary claims, Susan B. Anthony and her peers rarely discussed abortion, which only emerged as a key political issue in the 1960s.
Black-and-white image of two men behind bar

The Gilded Age In a Glass: From Innovation to Prohibition

Cocktails — the ingredients, the stories, the pageantry — can reveal more than expected about the Gilded Age.
Santa Claus, Mrs. Claus, and snowman.

How Mrs. Claus Embodied 19th-Century Debates About Women's Rights

Many early stories praise her work ethic and devotion. But with Mrs. Claus usually hitting the North Pole’s glass ceiling, some writers started to push back.
Yumi Doi, an activist with Group of Fighting Women, at a protest against sexual discrimination, Tokyo, June 1972

A Work in Progress

Two new books on the history of feminism emphasize global grassroots efforts and the influence of American women labor leaders on international agreements.
Self-Portrait, by Jessie Tarbox Beals, 1904.

Midwestern Exposure

Zooming in on the places where early women photographers could build a career.
Picketers from National Women's Party

She Asked President Woodrow Wilson For 22 Suffrage "Favors." She Got 21.

Wilson became a great supporter of the 19th Amendment, but only because he worked alongside a woman who spoke his language.
Mabel Ping-Hua Lee.

The 16-Year-Old Chinese Immigrant Who Helped Lead a 1912 US Suffrage March

Mabel Ping-Hua Lee fought for the rights of women on two sides of the world.
A collage featuring early feminists.

Pointing a Way Forward

The history of suffrage in the South—indeed, the nation—is messy and fraught, and more contentious than is typically remembered.
"A National Game that is Played Out," political cartoon, engraving by Thomas Nast. From Harper's Weekly, 23 December 1876, page 1044.

Who Counts?

A look at voter rights through political cartoons.
The author's great-grandparents, Ida Brown and Nathan “Jack” Dashow, in their 1920 wedding photo.

How My Great-Grandmother Lost Her U.S. Citizenship The Year Women Got The Right to Vote

In 1920, my American-born great-grandmother, Ida Brown, married a Russian immigrant in New York City.

The Unfinished Business of Women’s Suffrage

A century after the passage of the 19th Amendment, women with felony convictions remain disenfranchised.
Women around a table of papers and forms, with a League of Women Voters banner on the wall.

What the First Women Voters Experienced When Registering for the 1920 Election

The process varied by state, with some making accommodations for the new voting bloc and others creating additional obstacles.

Protest Delivered the Nineteenth Amendment

The amendment didn't “give” women the right to vote. It wasn’t a gift; it was a hard-won victory achieved after more than seventy years of suffragist agitation.

The US Suffragette Movement Tried to Leave Out Black Women. They Showed Up Anyway

Racism and sexism were bound together in the fight to vote – and Black women made it clear they would never cede the question of their voting rights to others.
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How Black Women Fought Racism and Sexism for the Right to Vote

African American women played a significant and sometimes overlooked role in the struggle to gain the vote.
Black and white photo portrait of a woman wearing un-rimmed glasses and a short brimmed hat with a satin bow on it.

Suffrage in Spanish

Hispanic women and the fight for the 19th Amendment in New Mexico.

Votes for Colonized Women

How the politics of American imperialism often intersected with calls for women's suffrage.