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The Pledge of Allegiance's Creepy Past

Seventy-four years ago today, lawmakers passed an amendment to the U.S. Flag Code.
CIA map of food sufficiency in Japan from 1945.

See the Historic Maps Declassified by the CIA

A new gallery provides a rare look inside the 75-year history of the agency’s mapping unit.

Christmas in the Space Age: Looking Back at the Wild Designs of Mid-20th-Century Holidays

There are two critical periods for Christmas. One is the Victorian era. The other is the 1960s.
Pinball machine with a clown face.

A Menace to Society: The War on Pinball in America

Pinball hasn’t always been an all-American game of fun: for decades it was an object of widespread moral outrage.
Two kids eating ice cream

Thanks, Prohibition!

How the Eighteenth Amendment fueled America’s taste for ice cream.

The Corrupted American Innocence of Archie Comics

Behind the veil of middle-class acceptability, Archie comics shaped the conception of virtue in postwar America.

A Brief History of the Assault Rifle

The genealogy of a killing machine.
Smog seen in Los Angeles in 1943.

Bay of Smokes

Smog first came to Los Angeles suddenly, like a stranded hitchhiker. It was July 8th, 1943, and we were at war.
Blackfoot Chief, Mountain Chief making phonographic record at Smithsonian, February 9, 1916.

Eavesdropping on History

By all accounts, young Bill Owens was a natural song-catcher, trawling across Texas in the 1930s, the golden era of American field recording.

Japanese American WWII Incarceration

FDR cited military necessity as the basis for incarcerating 120,000 Japanese Americans.

Is History Written About Men, by Men?

A careful study of recent popular history books reveals a genre dominated by generals, presidents—and male authors.
Sketch on Rosie the Riveter working with a crying baby on her back.

Who Took Care of Rosie the Riveter's Kids?

Government-run childcare was crucial in enabling women’s employment during World War II, but today the program has largely been forgotten.

The Best Intentions

The Manhattan Project scientists tried to advocate for nuclear de-escalation-instead, they unwittingly abetted the Vietnam War.

How the US Military Helped Invent Cheetos

How the US military figured out how to make self-stable cheese ... and helped invent Cheetos to boot.
Cover of the U.S. Physical Fitness Program book, featuring silhouettes of people doing calisthenics.
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Run DNC, Run RNC

When the federal government began to claim a stake in the public’s physical fitness, and the origins of the Presidential Physical Fitness Test.

The Atomic Bomb and the Nuclear Age

A primary source set and teaching guide created by educators.
A collage of processed food, including Tang, a frozen dinner, Spam, and Jello, over an image of Spaghettios.

SpaghettiOs and the Age of Processed Foods

After World War II, canned foods became more and more common, along with a smorgasbord of pre-prepared, processed foods such as SpaghettiOs.
Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman sitting together.

When the World Became a Huge Penitentiary

An eloquent portrait of underground life among the undocumented and the damned of the earth.

How the Military Waged a Graphic-Design War on Venereal Disease

"Fool the Axis—use Prophylaxis!"In many ways, such a coordinated public effort to alter sexual behavior was unprecedented.
Rosie the Riveter "We Can Do It" poster.
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Women at Work: A History

Women in the workplace, from 19th century domestic workers to the Rosies of World War II to the labs of Silicon Valley.
A depiction of the female reproduction system in an early sex ed film.

Slut-Shaming, Eugenics, and Donald Duck

The scandalous history of sex-ed movies.

The Problem of Slavery

David Brion Davis’s philosophical history.

The International Chemical Weapons Taboo

Our horror of chemical agents is one of the great success stories of modern diplomacy.

A Useful Corner of the World: Guantánamo

The U.S. just can't seem to let go of its naval base on Cuba.

When the Wild Imagination of Dr. Seuss Fueled Big Oil

Geisel did not begin his career writing children stories, but selling products.
Library card catalog card reading "Forgetfulness: see memory."

Historical Amnesias: An Interview with Paul Connerton

“The struggle of man against power is the struggle of memory against forgetting.”

Why Would Anyone Collect Nazi?

Neo-Nazis aren't the only ones collecting Nazi memorabilia.
A frayed and torn American flag flying on a flag pole.

Farewell, the American Century

Rewriting the past by adding in what's been left out.
Image of a father and child walking on a beach.

Mythologizing Fatherhood

Ralph LaRossa explains the problems with mythologizing modern dads and the stereotypes present within views of fatherhood of the past.
A picture of a woman at a protest against Islamophobia.

The Most Patriotic Act

A warning from September 2001 about government overreach in the name of national security.

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